해양무인체계 추진 동력원 분석: 임무형태에 따른 적합 에너지원

김영욱¹ ; 김소연² ; 이재용³ ; 김옥희⁴^{, *}

1충북대학교 전기공학부 교수
2해군 중령/해군사관학교 전자제어공학과 교수
3해군 대위/해군사관학교 조선공학과 교관
4해군 중령/해군사관학교 기초과학과 교수

Analysis of Propulsion Power Sources for Unmanned Maritime Systems: Optimal Energy Sources by Mission Type

Young-Wook Kim¹ ; So Yeon Kim² ; Jae-Yong Lee³ ; Ok-Hee Kim⁴^{, *}

1Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University
2CDR, ROK Navy/Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Control Engineering, Republic of Korea Naval Academy
3LT, ROK Navy/Instructor, Dept. of Naval Architecture, Republic of Korea Naval Academy
4CDR, ROK Navy/Professor, Dept. of Natural Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy

Correspondence to: ^*Ok-Hee Kim Dept. of Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy 1 Jungwon-ro, Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si, Gyungsangnam-do, 51704, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-55-907-5236 Fax: +82-55-907-5231 E-mail: koh0715@navy.ac.kr

초록

본 연구는 해양무인체계의 임무에 따라 최적화된 추진 동력원을 도출하고자 내연기관, 전기 및 하이브리드 시스템과 2차전지, 연료전지, 해양재생에너지 등의 성능과 한계를 비교하고 분석하였다. 현재 USV는 높은 기술 성숙도와 신뢰성을 지닌 디젤기관이 주력이며, UUV는 에너지원으로 무배출·고에너지 밀도인 2차전지와 연료전지가 주로 사용된다. MRE, 에너지 하베스팅, SMR, 무선전력전송 등 신기술은 자율성·지속성을 크게 향상시킬 잠재력이 크므로, 플랫폼 규모와 임무 특성을 반영한 단계적 연구 개발과 인프라 확충이 필요하다.

Abstract

This study evaluates mission-tailored power sources for unmanned maritime platforms by comparing internal-combustion, electric, and hybrid drives paired with secondary batteries, fuel cells, or MRE. Diesel engines remain dominant in USVs thanks to proven maturity and reliability, whereas UUVs increasingly adopt batteries and fuel cells to meet zero-emission, high-efficiency targets. Emerging options—MRE, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer—promise longer endurance but need focused R&D and enabling infrastructure. Optimal power selection must consider platform scale, mission profile, and regulation; strategic investment in advanced energy technologies is critical for sustainable, effective future fleets.

Keywords:

Unmanned Maritime System, Propulsion System, Energy Source, Secondary Battery, Fuel Cell

키워드:

해양무인체계, 추진시스템, 에너지원, 2차전지, 연료전지

Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2025년도 해군사관학교 해양연구소 학술연구과제 연구비의 지원으로 수행된 연구임.

이 논문은 2024년 정부(방위사업청)의 재원으로 국방과학연구소의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(UE241103TD).

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