잠수함용 리튬이온배터리의 안전성 확보와 기술 발전 방향

진성훈¹ ; 이재경² ; 홍창우³^{, *}

1해군 소령/해군 잠수함사령부 홍범도함 기관장 소령
2해군 소령/해군 잠수함사령부 유관순함 기관장 소령
3해군 소령/미 해군사관학교 전기컴퓨터공학과 교환교수

Safety Assurance and Technological Development of Lithium-ion Batteries for Submarine Applications

Sung-Hoon Jin¹ ; Jae-Kyoung Lee² ; Chang Woo Hong³^{, *}

1LCDR/Commander chief engineer officer of ROKS Hong Beom-Do, Submarine Force Command, ROK Navy
2LCDR/Chief engineer officer of ROKS Yu Gwan-Sun, Submarine Force Command, ROK Navy
3LCDR, ROK Navy/Exchange professor, Dept. of Electric Computer Engineering, United States Naval Academy

Correspondence to: *Chang Woo Hong Exchange professor, Dept. of Electric Computer Engineering, United States Naval Academy Tel: +82-55-907-5304 E-mail: spearw@navy.ac.kr

초록

장보고-III Batch-II ‘장영실함’에 리튬이온배터리(LIB)가 적용되면서 잠수함 전력(電力) 체계가 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 밀폐·고압·진동 등 잠수함 운용 조건을 기준으로 LIB의 위험성을 정리하고, 열관리·구조 안전·전기 보호 등 최근 연구 동향을 요약하였다. 또한 LIB 운용 데이터 연구사례를 검토하여 진동 저감과 안전 성능을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 단기(운용·정비 분야), 중기(통합 안전관리), 장기(전고체·리튬-황 배터리·안전관리 표준화) 로드맵을 제안하였다.

Abstract

The Jang Young-Sil, the Jangbogo-III Batch-II submarine, marks the Republic of Korea Navy’s first application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), transforming its power system. This study examines LIB risks under actual submarine conditions such as confined space, high pressure, and vibration. Recent advances in thermal management, structural safety, and electrical protection are summarized to evaluate their applicability to naval use. Operational data are analyzed to verify vibration mitigation and safety performance. Finally, a roadmap is proposed for short-term (operation and maintenance), mid-term (integrated safety management), and long-term (transition to solid-state and lithium–sulfur batteries with safety standardization). The findings support safer and more reliable LIB adoption in next-generation submarines.

Keywords:

Submarine, Lithium-ion Battery, Thermal Runaway, Thermal Management, Battery Management System

키워드:

잠수함, 리튬이온배터리, 열폭주, 열관리, 배터리 관리 시스템

Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2025년도 한국해군과학기술학회 동계학술대회 발표 논문임.

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