이순신과 넬슨 해전의 함포 사격거리에 대한 연구: 사격통제장치 개발 이전 시대 해전을 중심으로

고광섭^*

해군사관학교 명예교수

A Study on Naval Gunfire Engagement Ranges in the Battles of Yi Sun-sin and Nelson: Focusing on Naval Warfare before the Development of Fire-Control Systems

Kwang-Soob Ko^*

Professor emeritus, Republic of Korea Naval Academy

Correspondence to: *Kwang-Soob Ko Tel: +82-61-240-7125 Fax: +82-61-240-7127 E-mail: nama1@mmu.ac.kr

초록

본 연구는 사격통제장치가 존재하지 않았던 시대 해전의 교전 구조를 물리적·과학적 관점에서 재해석함으로써, 기존의 서술적·경험적 접근이 지닌 한계를 보완하고자 하였다. 특히 함포의 이론적 최대사거리와 실제 교전거리 간의 차이를 명확히 구분하고, 명중 가능성과 파괴 효과가 동시에 확보되는 ‘결정적 교전거리’ 개념을 통해 해전의 실질적 교전 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 이러한 분석은 이순신 해전과 트라팔가 해전이 공통적으로 근접 교전 중심으로 전개되었음을 설명하는 물리적 근거를 제공한다. 향후 임진왜란 해전 연구에서 교전 거리, 명중 구조, 전술 운용을 통합적으로 해석하기 위한 방법론적 출발점으로 기능할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

This study reinterprets the engagement structure of naval warfare prior to the development of fire-control systems from a physical and scientific perspective, thereby addressing the limitations inherent in conventional descriptive and experience-based approaches. In particular, it clearly distinguishes between the theoretical maximum range of naval artillery and actual engagement range in combat. The operational mechanism of naval warfare is elucidated through the concept of the “decisive engagement range,” in which both the hit probability and destructive effect are simultaneously secured. The findings provide a physical basis for understanding that both the battle of Admiral Yi Sun-sin and Battle of Trafalgar were fundamentally conducted as close-range engagements. This study moves beyond traditional qualitative interpretations of pre-fire-control naval warfare and highlights the necessity of quantitative analysis grounded in physical and scientific reasoning. The results are expected to serve as a methodological point of departure for future naval history research, enabling an integrated interpretation of the engagement range, hit probability structure, and tactical employment.

Keywords:

Naval Battles of Yi Sun-sin, Battle of Trafalgar, Naval Gunfire Engagement Range, Fire-Control System, Close-Range Engagement

키워드:

이순신 해전, 트라팔가 해전, 함포 사격거리, 사격통제장치, 근접 교전

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