HYCOM 기반 동해 중규모-아중규모 구조가 가변 심도 소나 탐지 성능에 미치는 영향

임규창¹ ; 서인하² ; 박종진³^{, *}

1경북대학교 경북해양과학연구소 연구교수
2경북대학교 해양학과 박사과정
3경북대학교 지구시스템과학부/경북해양과학연구소 교수

Effects of HYCOM-Derived Mesoscale and Submesoscale Upper-Ocean Structure in the East Sea on Variable-Depth Sonar Detection Performance

Gyuchang Lim¹ ; Inha Seo² ; Jong-Jin Park³^{, *}

1Research professor, Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University
2Doctoral student, Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University
3Professor, School of Earth System Sciences/Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University

Correspondence to: *Jong-Jin Park 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea E-mail: jjpark@knu.ac.kr

초록

본 연구는 HYCOM 자료 기반 동해 상층 해양 구조가 가변 심도 소나(VDS)의 탐지거리/최적수심에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 여름철에는 필라멘트 구조의 표층 전선/변형 및 얕은 혼합층이 VDS 탐지거리의 수심/방위 비단조성을 유도하였고, 겨울철에는 깊은 혼합층/상층구조 수직 연결성이 얕은 VDS 최적수심/깊은 수심 비균질 구조 순효과(RD-RI) 강화를 유도하였다. 특히, 여름철에는 전선·와류·수온약층 기울기 등 RD 구조가 탐지 성능을 지배한 반면, 겨울철에는 계절 평균 배경장과 비균질 구조 효과의 분리가 관측되었다. 이들 결과는 동해 상층의 다중스케일 해양 구조가 VDS 탐지성능을 방위와 운용 수심에 따라 증폭 또는 감쇠시킨다는 점을 보여준다.

Abstract

This study examines the effect of upper-ocean structure on the detection performance of VDS. In summer, filamentary surface fronts/shallow mixed layers produce a nonmonotonic detection range on source depth and azimuth. In winter, a deeper mixed layer/vertically coherent upper-ocean structure yield a shallow optimal detection ranges, with intensified horizontal inhomogeneity (RD–RI) for VDS at greater depths. In summer, acoustic control is dominated by fronts, eddies, and thermocline slopes, whereas, in winter, the peaked RD–RI difference suggests a separation between mean background and spatially inhomogeneous structure. These results the selective impact of multiscale upper-ocean structure on VDS performance according to azimuth and depth.

Keywords:

HYCOM Reanalysis, Upper-Ocean Multiscale Structure, Range-Dependent Acoustics, Variable-Depth Sonar, Mixed-Layer Depth, Directional Dependence

키워드:

HYCOM 재분석 자료, 해양 상층 다층 구조, 경로 의존 수중 음향 특성, 가변 심도 소나, 혼합층 수심, 방향 의존성

Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2026년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부) 재원으로 한국연구재단의 미래국방혁신기술개발사업(RS-2024-00507484)의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임.

이 논문은 2026년도 해양수산부 재원으로 해양수산과학기술진흥원의 지원(RS-2023-00256005(2520000594))을 받아 수행된 연구임.

References

Kevin D. Heaney & Richard L. Campbell, ‘Three-Dimensional Parabolic Equation Modeling of Mesoscale Eddy Deflection,’ The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, VOL. 139, NO. 2, 2016, pp. 918-926. [https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4942112]
L. N. Thomas, A. Tandon, & A. Mahadevan, ‘Submesoscale Process and Dynamics,’ In M. W. Hecht & H. Hasumi (Eds.), Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, 2008. [https://doi.org/10.1029/177GM04]
James C. McWilliams, ‘Submesoscale Currents in the Ocean,’ Proceedings of the Royal Society A, VOL. 472, NO. 2189, 2016, Article 20160117. [https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0117]
Hye-Rim Kim & Jee-Woong Choi, ‘A Study on the Detection Performances of the Integrated Sonar System Operated by Surface Vessel in the Mesoscale Eddy in the Southwestern East Sea,’ Journal of KNST, VOL. 3, NO. 1, 2020, pp. 20-45. [https://doi.org/10.31818/JKNST.2020.03.3.1.20]
Gyuchang Lim & JongJin Park, ‘Glider-Resolved Sonar Performance in Mesoscale Eddy Fields of the East Sea: Seasonal Comparison of HMS and VDS at 3 kHz,’ Journal of KNST, VOL. 8, NO. 4, 2025, pp. 872–881. [https://doi.org/10.31818/JKNST.2025.12.8.4.872]
Eric P. Chassignet, Harley E. Hurlburt, Ole Martin Smedstad, George R. Halliwell, Patrick J. Hogan, Alan J. Wallcraft, Remy Baraille, & Rainer Bleck, ‘The HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) Data Assimilative System,’ Journal of Marine Systems, VOL. 65, NO. 1-4, 2007, pp. 60-83. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.09.016]
Andrew F. Thompson & William R. Young, ‘Scaling Baroclinic Eddy Fluxes: Vortices and Energy Balance,’ Journal of Physical Oceanography, VOL. 36, NO. 4, 2006, pp. 720-738. [https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2874.1]
Clément de Boyer Montégut, Gurvan Madec, Albert S. Fischer, Alban Lazar, & Daniele Iudicone, ‘Mixed Layer Depth over the Global Ocean: An Examination of Profile Data and a Profile-Based Climatology,’ Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, VOL. 109, NO. C12. [https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378]
Finn Bruun Jensen, W. A. Kuperman, M. B. Porter, & H. Schmidt, Computational Ocean Acoustics, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8678-8]
Robert J. Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound (3rd ed.), McGraw-Hill, 1983.