
무인항공기 비행종단시스템 요구도 분석 및 감항인증 방안 고찰
Ⓒ 2026 Korea Society for Naval Science & Technology
초록
군용 무인항공기체계(UAS)의 통제 상실은 제3자 피해, 보호구역 침범 및 아군 자산에 대한 위해로 이어질 수 있다. 이에 비행종단시스템(FTS)의 설계 요구도와 국내 군 감항인증 적용 방안을 검토하였다. MIL-HDBK-516D 및 RCC 319-14를 분석하여 FTS의 주요 설계 고려요소를 독립성, 단일고장 안전성, 신뢰성, 응답시간, 비의도 작동 방지 및 종료 후 거동 입증으로 정리하였다. 또한 MIL-STD-882E 기반의 체계안전 관점에서 통신두절, 항법 이상 및 GPS 교란 등 통제 상실이 운용 안전에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 자동복귀 기능만으로는 보호구역 침범과 제3자 위해를 충분히 저감하기 어려우며, 운용 공역, 비행 에너지, 보호구역 인접성 및 함정 운용 여부를 고려한 위험도 기반 테일러링이 필요함을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 군용 UAS 감항인증에서 FTS의 적용 여부와 구현 수준을 운용 환경 및 위험도에 따라 차등 검토하고, 설계요구, 위험평가 및 입증자료를 연계하는 감항인증 적용 방안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The loss of control of a military unmanned aircraft system (UAS) may cause third-party hazards, protected-area intrusion, and damage to friendly assets. This study examined the design requirements of a flight termination system (FTS) and its application to domestic military airworthiness certification. Based on MIL-HD,BK-516D, and RCC 319-14 standards, key FTS considerations were identified as independence, single-fault tolerance, reliability, response time, prevention of inadvertent activation, and verification of post-termination behavior. From an MIL-STD-882E-based system safety perspective, lost link, navigation anomalies, and GPS jamming were also reviewed as major loss-of-control hazards. The results indicate that return-to-home functions alone are insufficient for risk mitigation. Therefore, risk-based tailoring according to operating airspace, flight energy, proximity to protected areas, and shipboard operation is required. Finally, an airworthiness certification approach linking design requirements, risk assessment, and compliance evidence is proposed.
Keywords:
FTS, UAS, Airworthiness Certification, System Safety, MIL-HDBK-516D키워드:
비행종단시스템, 무인항공기체계, 감항인증, 체계안전, 미공군 감항인증기준References
- J. C. Park, ‘Three Casualties After an Unmanned Aircraft Struck a Control Truck,’ Kyunghyang Shinmun, 2012.05.10. https://www.khan.co.kr/article/201205101734091, (accessed 2026.07.13.)
- Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA), Military Aircraft Standard Airworthiness Certification Criteria (Part 1), DAPA Notice No. 2024-6, 2024.
- U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Airworthiness Certification Criteria, MIL-HDBK-516D, 2026.
- Range Commanders Council, Flight Termination Systems Commonality Standard, RCC 319-14, 2014.
- U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), System Safety, MIL-STD-882E, 2012.
- Newsis, ‘Even the KRW 3 Billion Heron Crashed: 48 Military UAV Crashes Over Five Years,’ Dong-A Ilbo, 2018.10.17. https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20181017/92443387/1, (accessed 2026.09.03).
- Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS), SORA v2.5 Main Body, JAR_doc_25, May 13, 2024.
- ASTM International, Standard Test Method for Assessing the Safety of Small Unmanned Aircraft Impacts, ASTM F3389/F3389M-21, 2021.