광대역 도플러 스케일 보상과 희소 다중경로 등화를 이용한 천해 능동소나 탐지 성능 향상

최영두¹ ; 김세라²^{, *}

1해군 소령/해군사관학교 전자제어공학과 조교수
2해군사관학교 기초과학과 부교수

Improving Active Sonar Detection in Shallow Water Using Wideband Doppler-Scale Compensation and Sparse Multipath Equalization

Youngdoo Choi¹ ; Sera Kim²^{, *}

1LCDR, ROK Navy/Assistant professor, Dept. of Electronics and Control Engineering, Republic of Korea Naval Academy
2Associate professor, Dept. of Natural Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy

Correspondence to: *Sera Kim 1 Jungwon-ro, Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si, Gyungsangnam-do, 51704, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-55-907-5234 E-mail: srkim85@gmail.com

초록

천해 능동소나는 해수면·해저면에 의한 다중경로와 표적 및 플랫폼의 상대운동에 따른 광대역 도플러 효과로 인해 탐지 성능이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 이를 개선하기 위해 광대역 도플러 스케일 보상과 희소 다중경로 등화를 결합한 능동소나 신호처리 기법을 제안한다. FFT 기반 단계적 정밀 탐색으로 도플러 스케일을 추정·보상하고, OMP 기반 희소 채널 추정과 iterative sparse-MMSE 등화를 수행한 후 펄스압축과 CA-CFAR를 적용하여 표적을 검출한다. MATLAB Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안 기법은 −30~0 dB SNR 범위에서 안정적인 탐지 성능을 보였으며, 평균 gate false alarm probability는 0.0118로 목표값 0.01에 근접하였다. 또한 SNR 증가에 따라 도플러 추정 오차가 감소하였으며, ROC 분석에서도 낮은 오경보율 영역에서 높은 탐지확률을 유지하여 제안 기법의 유효성을 확인하였다.

Abstract

Shallow-water active sonar is degraded by multipath propagation and wideband Doppler effects. This paper proposes a signal-processing method that combines wideband Doppler-scale compensation and sparse multipath equalization. Doppler compensation, OMP-based channel estimation, Sparse-MMSE equalization, pulse compression, and CA-CFAR detection were sequentially applied. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated stable detection over −30 to 0 dB SNR, with a gate false-alarm probability of 0.0118. ROC results also confirmed improved detection performance at low false-alarm rates.

Keywords:

Active Sonar, Wideband Doppler, Sparse Multipath, OMP

키워드:

능동소나, 광대역 도플러, 희소 다중경로, 직교 정합 추구

Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2026년 해군사관학교 해양연구소 학술연구과제 연구비의 지원으로 수행된 연구임.

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