소련·중국의 해양전략과 해군력 증강이 한국 해군에 주는 시사점 연구

김혜우¹^{, *} ; 양수창²

1해군 소령/해군대학 지휘참모과정 학생장교
2해군대학 해양전략전력학처 군수관리교관/충남대학교 국방경영공학 박사과정

A Study on the Implications of the Soviet Union’s and China’s Maritime Strategies and Naval Power Enhancement for the ROK Navy

Hye Woo Kim¹^{, *} ; Su Chang Yang²

1LCDR, ROK Navy/Student officer of Naval Commander & Step Course, ROK Naval War College
2Instructor of Logistics Management, Dept. of Maritime Strategy Force Studies, ROK Naval War College/Ph.D. student, Dept. of defense Management Engineering, Chungnam National University

Correspondence to: *Hye Woo Kim 271, Jaun-ro, Youseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea E-mail: sbsn1133@gmail.com

초록

본 연구는 소련의 고르시코프 체제와 중국 유화칭 체제의 해양전략과 해군력 발전 과정을 비교하고, 한국 해군에 주는 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, 소련은 미국의 해양지배를 견제하기 위해 대양해군과 균형함대 건설을 추진하였고, 중국은 경제발전과 해양권익 보호를 위해 근해 방어전략과 원해작전 능력을 단계적으로 발전시켰다. 두 사례는 해군력 발전이 국가전략 목표, 작전개념, 전력구조가 연계될 때 실질적 의미를 갖는다는 점을 보여준다. 따라서 한국 해군은 국가전략과 연계된 해양전략 목표를 정립하고, 해양통제·해상교통로 보호·통합전력 운용을 고려한 지속 가능한 전력건설 방향을 발전시켜야 한다.

Abstract

This study compares the maritime strategies and naval force development of the Soviet Union under Admiral Sergey G. Gorshkov and China under Admiral Liu Huaqing and draws implications for the ROK Navy. The analysis shows that the Soviet Union pursued a blue-water navy and balanced fleet to counter U.S. maritime dominance, while China developed an offshore defense strategy and gradually expanded its far-seas operational capabilities to support its economic development and maritime rights. These cases suggest that naval force development becomes meaningful when national strategic objectives, operational concepts, and force structures are organically linked. Therefore, the ROK Navy should establish maritime strategic objectives aligned with national strategy and pursue sustainable force development for sea control, protection of sea lines of communication, and integrated force employment.

Keywords:

Maritime Strategy, Naval Force Development, Gorshkov, Liu Huaqing, ROK Navy

키워드:

해양전략, 해군력 건설, 고르시코프, 유화칭, 한국 해군

References

박창희, 군사전략론, 플래닛미디어, 2013.
Sergey G. Gorshkov, 임인수 역, 국가의 해양력, 책세상, 1999.
Gwang-ho Jung, ‘The Soviet Maritime Strategy in the Cold War and The U.S. Response,’ Military History, NO. 89, 2013, pp. 363-387. [https://doi.org/10.29212/mh.2013..89.363]
Nam-su Kim, ‘An Analysis of the Characteristics of China’s Naval Strategy to Become a Maritime Power: Focusing on Analyzing the “Goals, Methods, and Means” of Strategy,’ Maritime Security, VOL. 2, NO. 1, 2021, pp. 1-42.
Yeoung-Hyeong Lee, ‘Geopolitical Interpretation of China’s Island Chain Strategy,’ Korea and International Society, VOL. 2, NO. 1, 2018, pp. 137-162.
김현기, 현대해양전략사상가, 한국해양전략연구소, 1998.
Dong-eun Kim, ‘A Change of Maritime Strategy in the Maritime Dissatisfied Great Powers by Geographical Factors: Focusing on Germany in the World War I and Soviet Union in the Cold War,’ Military History, NO. 112, 2019, pp. 83-128.
김정현, 대륙국가의 해군력 증강, 한국학술정보, 2005.
Jeongho Choi, ‘The Impact of the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979: Focusing on the Strengthening of China’s Naval Power,’ Chinese Studies, VOL. 102, 2025, pp. 123-148.
Jaejun Lee, ‘China’s Naval Power Buildup and Security Dilemma,’ Korean Political Science Review, VOL. 30, NO. 3, 2021, pp. 257-284. [https://doi.org/10.35656/JKP.30.3.10]
Duk-ki Kim, ‘Naval Arms Race in Northeast Asia,’ Strategy 21, NO. 43, 2018, pp. 125-174.
Kil Joo Ban, ‘Synchronization of Strategy and Weapons: Tracing Mechanism of Shift from Light Carrier to Korea-Tailored Carrier,’ National Strategy, VOL. 29, NO. 3, 2023, pp. 157-180.
Ho-Sub Jung, ‘Maritime Security of the Republic of Korea: Year 1998 and Year 2018,’ Strategy 21, NO. 43, 2018, pp. 57-88.
Gwang-ho Jung & Dong-eun Kim, ‘A Strategic Implications of Changes in U.S. Maritime Strategy for the R.O.K Navy: Focusing on the Change to Maritime Maneuver Warfare,’ Korean Journal of Military Studies, VOL. 78, NO. 3, 2022, pp. 57-90.