손자병법을 통한 주요 해전의 이해와 한국 해군 발전 방향 연구

김혜우¹^{, *} ; 양수창²

1해군 소령/해군대학 지휘참모과정 학생장교
2해군대학 해양전략전력학처 군수관리교관/충남대학교 국방경영공학 박사과정

A Study of Major Naval Battles and the Development Direction of the ROK Navy Based on The Art of War

Hye Woo Kim¹^{, *} ; Su Chang Yang²

1LCDR, ROK Navy/Student officer of Naval Commander & Step Course, ROK Naval War College
2Instructor of Logistics Management, Dept. of Maritime Strategy Force Studies, ROK Naval War College/Ph.D. student, Dept. of defense Management Engineering, Chungnam National University

Correspondence to: *Hye Woo Kim 271, Jaun-ro, Youseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea E-mail: sbsn1133@gmail.com

초록

본 연구는 『손자병법』의 전쟁수행 원리를 바탕으로 현대 해전의 승패 요인을 분석하고 한국 해군의 발전방향을 도출하였다. 상황인식, 지속성, 주도권, 운용 적합성 및 결심 우위의 다섯 요소를 설정하고, 쓰시마·미드웨이·포클랜드 해전을 통해 분석한 결과, 해전의 승패는 개별 무기체계보다 정보, 전력운용, 지속능력 및 지휘결심이 결합된 전쟁 수행 구조에 의해 좌우됨을 확인하였다. 이를 한반도 상황에 대입해 보면, 북한 해군은 단기적·국지적 비대칭 위협을 형성할 수 있으나 지속작전에는 한계가 있으므로, 한국 해군은 유·무인 복합 감시체계, 분산·회복성 중심의 군수지원, 선제적 국면관리 및 지능형 결심지원체계를 발전시켜야 하겠다.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants of victory in modern naval warfare based on the strategic principles of The Art of War and derive implications for the development of the ROK Navy. By establishing five analytical factors—situational awareness, sustainment, initiative, operational suitability, and decision superiority—and applying them to the Battles of Tsushima and Midway and the Falklands War, the results show that naval victory is shaped not by individual weapons systems alone, but by an integrated warfare structure combining information, force employment, sustainment, and command decision-making. Although the North Korean Navy can pose short-term and localized asymmetric threats, it has limitations in sustained operations. Therefore, the ROK Navy should develop integrated manned–unmanned surveillance systems, distributed and resilient logistics support, proactive phase management, and intelligent decision-support systems.

Keywords:

The Art of War, Naval Warfare, Situational Awareness, Sustainment, Decision Superiority, ROK Navy

키워드:

손자병법, 해전, 상황인식, 지속성, 결심 우위, 한국 해군

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